النزاعات المائية وتداعياتها على امن الدول في افريقيا حوض النيل نموذجا

Abstract

d security challenges facing the continent amidst increasing demand for and scarcity of shared water resources. The study focuses on the Nile Basin conflict, particularly the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) crisis, as a model for conflicts related to transboundary rivers between upstream and downstream countries. It also addresses other water conflicts in Africa, such as those related to water resources in the Niger and Chad regions. The study aims to analyze the causes of water conflicts and their political, economic, and security dimensions, demonstrating their impact on the water and national security of African countries. It also examines Egyptian water policies regarding the Nile and the diplomatic and legal efforts undertaken to address the crisis. The study employs descriptive, historical, and case study methodologies to understand the evolution of water conflicts and analyze their various dimensions. The study concludes that increasing population growth, climate change, the expansion of development projects, and the absence of binding and comprehensive agreements for managing shared water resources are among the most significant factors contributing to water conflicts. She also pointed out that regional cooperation and water diplomacy are two essential mechanisms for reducing tensions and achieving water security and sustainable development in Africa.