الطاقة المتجددة وتحقيق التنمية المستدامة في الجزائر

Abstract

ﻟﻘﻁﺎﻉﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔﺩﻭﺭﺍﻤﻬﻡﻓﻲﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔﻫﺫﺍﺇﻥﻟﻡﻨﻘلﺃﻨﻪﻴﻤﺜل الركيزة الأساسية ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺫﻟﻙﻤﻥﺨﻼلﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ اللازمة، ﻓﺈﻤﺩﺍﺩﺍﺘﻬﺎﺘﺸﻜلﻋﺎﻤﻼ أساسيا ﻟﻜلﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻋﺎﺕﻓﻲﺩﻓﻊﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝﻭﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ الاستقرار ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﻓﻲﺍﻟﻤﻴﺩﺍﻥ الاقتصادي والاجتماعي، ﻤﻤﺎﻴﺅﺩﻱﺇﻟﻰﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭﻓﺭﺹﺍﻟﻌﻤلﻭﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔﺒﺼﻔﺔﻋﺎﻤﺔ، ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎﻴﻤﻜﻥﺃﻥﻴﺘﺴﺒﺏﺍﻨﻘﻁﺎﻋﻬﺎﻓﻲﺨﺴﺎﺌﺭﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔﻓﺎﺩﺤﺔ، لذلك ﻴﺠﺏﺃﻥﺘﻜﻭﻥﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ طوال الوقت ﻭﺒﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ كافية ﻭﺒﺄﺴﻌﺎﺭﻤﻴﺴﺭﺓ وذلك ﻤﻥﺃﺠلﺘﺩﻋﻴﻡﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ، وباختلاف ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉﻭمصادر الطاقة ﻨﺠﺩﺃﻨﻬﺎﺘﺅﺜﺭﺒﻨﺴﺏﻤﺘﻔﺎﻭتة ﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ، ﺇﺫﺘﻤﺜلﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔﺍﻟﺨﻁﺭ الأكبر في ﺘﻠﻭﺙﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔﺨﺎﺼﺔﻤﻨﻬﺎﺍﻟﻔﺤﻡﻭﺍﻟﺒﺘﺭﻭل، وﻫﺫﺍﻤﺎﺠﻌلﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙﻋﻥﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭﻭﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺩﺍﻤﺔ. ﺇﻥﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻘﻕﻓﻲﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺎﺕﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺩﺩﺓﻴﺒﻘﻰﺩﻭﻥﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ، ﻭﺘﺒﻘﻰﻏﻴﺭﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓﻋﻠﻰﺃﻥﺘﺤلﻤﺤلﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔﻓﻲﺠﺭﻗﺎﻁﺭﺓﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺩﻴﻤﺔ، ﻷﻥﺼﻨﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎﻤﺎﺯﺍﻟﺕﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝﺇﻟﻰﻋﻘﻭﺩﺤﺘﻰﺘﺼلﺇﻟﻰﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔﺍﻟﻨﻀﺞ، ﺇﻻﺃﻥﻫﺫﺍ ﻻ ﻴﻨﻔﻲﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎﺒﺫﻟﻙﺨﻼلﻋﻘﻭﺩﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔﻗﺎﺩﻤﺔ، ﺇﻥ الجزائر كغيرها ﻤﻥﺍﻟﺩﻭلﺘﻭﺍﺠﻪﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺕﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔﻭﺘﺯﻴﺩﻋﻠﻰﺫﻟﻙﺒﺎﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎﺒﺸﻜلﺃﺴﺎﺴﻲﻋﻠﻰﻗﻁﺎﻉﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔﻓﻲﺘﻤﻭﻴلﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻫﺎ، ﻟﺫﺍﻻﺒﺩﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩﺍﻟﺠﻴﺩﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔﻤﺎﺒﻌﺩﺍﻟﻨﻔﻁﺨﺎﺼﺔﻭﺃﻨﻬﺎﺘﻤﺘﻠﻙﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﺎﺕﺘﺅﻫﻠﻬﺎﻷﻥﺘﻜﻭﻥﺒﻠﺩﻁﺎﻗﻭيﺤﺘﻰﻤﻥﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺩﺩﺓ. ﻓﻲﺍﻟﺨﺘﺎﻡﻨﻘﻭلﺃﻥ الطاقات ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺩﺩﺓﻫﻲﺍﻟﺤلﺍﻷﻤﺜلﻟﻠﻤﺯﺍﻭﺠﺔﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥﺍﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ الاقتصادية والاجتماعية ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔﻭﻤﻥﺜﻤﺔﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔﻤﺴﺘﺩﻴﻤﺔ، ﻟﺫﺍﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲﺭﻓﻊﺍﻟﺘﺤﺩﻱﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭﻫﺎﻭﻨﺸﺭ استغلالها ﺤﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ مسؤولا ﺃﻤﺎﻡ الأجيال ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻤﺔﻓﻲﺤﺭﻤﺎﻨﻬﺎﻤﻥﺒﻴﺌﺔﻨﻅﻴﻔﺔﺃﻭﻻ، ﻭﻤﻥمصادر طاقة تسمح لها بتلبية احتياجاتها من جهة ثانية.

Abstract:

The energy sector plays an important role in this development if it is not the mainstay of development by meeting the energy needs. Its supply is a key factor for all sectors in promoting production, stability and growth in the economic and social field, The standard of living in general, while its interruption can cause considerable financial and economic losses, so it must be available all the time And in varying quantities and at affordable prices in order to support the development objectives. In different types and sources of energy, they have different effects on the environment. Traditional energy represents the greatest threat to environmental pollution, especially coal and oil. The development of renewable energy economies remains below the required level and remains unable to replace the traditional energies in dragging the locomotive of sustainable development, because the industry still needs decades to reach maturity, but this does not negate doing so in a few decades to come , Algeria, like other countries, faces the challenges of energy and increases it by relying mainly on the energy sector in financing its economy, so it must To prepare for the guardian of good post-oil private and it has the potential to qualify it to be a country Taqoa even from renewable sources. In conclusion, we say that renewable energies are the ideal solution for combining economic, social and environmental objectives. Therefore, sustainable development must be achieved. Therefore, the international community must raise the challenge to develop and exploit it so as not to be responsible to future generations for depriving it of a clean environment first, Their second hand needs.