التوسع العمراني في مدينة البويرة ـ دراسة تحليلية واقتراحات لتوجيه التنمية الحضرية
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University of M'Sila
Abstract
يعرف التوسع العمراني بأنه الزيادة المستمرة في مساحة المدن وتمددها الجغرافي، وزيادة الكثافة السكانية فيها نتيجة عوامل النمو الطبيعي والهجرة، وينجر على هذا العديد من المشاكل بما فيها المشاكل البيئية، وظهور الأحياء العشوائية الغير مخططة، وتحتاج مثل هذه الظواهر استعمال تقنيات حديثة تساعدنا في فهم الظواهر وتحليلها من بينها الاستشعار عن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية التي تعتبر من الاتجاهات الحديثة لما لها من ميزة المراقبة ومتابعة تغيرات الغطاء الأرضي بشكل دوري ومستمر وكونها أداة مهمة للتخطيط العمراني.
اخترنا مدينة البويرة التي شهدت مؤخرا نموا حضريا كبير الذي كان بسبب تواجد الوظائف والأنشطة الحضرية في المدينة وصاحب هذا النمو استهلاك مفرط في الأراضي.
أشارت نتائج بحثا إلى زيادة كبيرة في المساحة لعمرانية لمدينة البويرة وتقابلها تقلص كبير في مساحة الأراضي الزراعية، بلغت المساحة العمرانية سنة 1990 حوالي 510 هكتار، لتقفز إلى 2266 هكتار سنة 2024، أي بزيادة إجمالية قدرها 343.8 بمعدل سنوي 51.6 هكتار.
تركز هذا التوسع في الاتجاه الشمالي والشمالي الشرقي متأثرا بالطبوغرافيا، حيث شكلت المرتفعات جنوبا وغربا عائقا طبيعيا حال دون انتشار العمران في تلك الاتجاهات كما طبقنا الدراسة الإحصاء المكاني (Getis-Ord Gi ) لتحديد البؤر الساخنة والباردة، وأظهرت النتائج أن التوسع يتركز في الشمال الشرقي بمستوى ثقة 99%
وفي الأخير استخدمنا نموذج CA-Markov للتنبؤ بالمستقبل، حيث بلغ معامل كابا 0.7541، وتم اقتراح ثلاثة سيناريوهات لسنة 2050 واختيار السيناريو المستدام.
Urban expansion is defined as the continuous increase in cities and their geographical spread, along with an increase in population density resulting from natural growth and migration. This leads to numerous problems, including environmental issues and the emergence of unplanned informal settlements. Such phenomena necessitate the use of modern technologies to help us understand and analyze them. Among these technologies are remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS), which are considered modern approaches due to their ability to monitor and track changes in land cover on a regular and continuous basis, and their importance as tools for urban planning. We chose the city of Bouira, which has recently witnessed significant urban growth due to the presence of jobs and urban activities. This growth has been accompanied by excessive land consumption. Our research indicates a significant increase in the urban area of Bouira, accompanied by a substantial decrease in agricultural land. The urban area reached approximately 510 hectares in 1990, jumping to 2,266 hectares in 2024, representing a total increase of 343.8 hectares at an annual rate of 51.6 hectares. This expansion was concentrated in the north and northeast, influenced by the topography. The highlands to the south and west acted as a natural barrier, preventing urban sprawl in those directions. We also applied the Getis-Ord Gi* spatial statistics to identify urban hotspots and cold spots, and the results showed that the expansion was concentrated in the northeast with a 99% confidence level. Finally, we used the CA-Markov model to predict the future, where the kappa coefficient was 0.7641. Three scenarios for the year 2050 were proposed, and the sustainable scenario was selected
Urban expansion is defined as the continuous increase in cities and their geographical spread, along with an increase in population density resulting from natural growth and migration. This leads to numerous problems, including environmental issues and the emergence of unplanned informal settlements. Such phenomena necessitate the use of modern technologies to help us understand and analyze them. Among these technologies are remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS), which are considered modern approaches due to their ability to monitor and track changes in land cover on a regular and continuous basis, and their importance as tools for urban planning. We chose the city of Bouira, which has recently witnessed significant urban growth due to the presence of jobs and urban activities. This growth has been accompanied by excessive land consumption. Our research indicates a significant increase in the urban area of Bouira, accompanied by a substantial decrease in agricultural land. The urban area reached approximately 510 hectares in 1990, jumping to 2,266 hectares in 2024, representing a total increase of 343.8 hectares at an annual rate of 51.6 hectares. This expansion was concentrated in the north and northeast, influenced by the topography. The highlands to the south and west acted as a natural barrier, preventing urban sprawl in those directions. We also applied the Getis-Ord Gi* spatial statistics to identify urban hotspots and cold spots, and the results showed that the expansion was concentrated in the northeast with a 99% confidence level. Finally, we used the CA-Markov model to predict the future, where the kappa coefficient was 0.7641. Three scenarios for the year 2050 were proposed, and the sustainable scenario was selected
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تخصص: عمران